Retraction Policy

Quality Enhancement in Higher Education Journal is committed to maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record. The journal therefore applies a clear retraction policy when serious violations of publication ethics or fundamental errors are identified that compromise the validity and reliability of a published article.

An article may be retracted for reasons including, but not limited to:

1. Plagiarism, including undisclosed self-plagiarism

2. Data fabrication, falsification, or manipulation

3. Duplicate or redundant publication

4. Serious breaches of research ethics or undisclosed conflicts of interest

5. Major errors that invalidate the core findings or conclusions

Retraction decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief following a fair and transparent investigation, in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Authors will be given an opportunity to respond or provide clarification before a final decision is made.

Retracted articles will remain accessible on the journal website to preserve the integrity of the scholarly record, but will be clearly marked as “Retracted Article” with an accompanying retraction notice explaining the reason for retraction. Retractions are issued to protect readers and the academic community, not to punish authors.